If you're just getting into gardening or farming, one of the first things you’ll need to learn about is seed germination. Today, we’ll explore things every new gardener, farmer, and hobbyist grower ought to know about seed germination to produce a happy, healthy, plentiful crop. Read on to learn more, and be sure to explore Midwest Grow Co.’s grow supply store to find everything you need for your garden!
Seed Germination: 101
Seed germination is the process in which a seed sprouts and grows into a young plant. The first step of seed germination is when the seed absorbs water. This water intake swells the cells of the seed and breaks down any stored food reserves, which the embryo uses to start growing. The next step is when the radicle, or the embryonic root, begins to grow. Once the radicle emerges, the seed coat begins to break down and the cotyledons, or seed leaves, begin to grow. The final stage of seed germination is when the first true leaves appear. Next, let’s explore the four main factors that affect seed germination.
Water
Water is the most important factor for seed germination, as seeds must have water in order to sprout and grow. The amount of water a seed needs depends on the type of seed, because some seeds need more water than others. For example, desert plants have special adaptations that allow them to store water so they don't need as much water to germinate.
Light
Light is the second most important factor for seed germination. Most seeds need light in order to germinate, but there are a few exceptions. Some seeds, like morning glory and sweet peas, will not germinate if they're exposed to light. These types of seeds should be planted in a dark place so the embryo can start to grow and thrive in ideal conditions.
Temperature
Temperature is the third most important factor for seed germination. Most seeds need warm temperatures in order to germinate, with a few exceptions. Some seeds, like poinsettias and petunias, will not germinate if they're exposed to cold temperatures. These types of seeds should be planted in a warm place so the embryo can start to grow efficiently.
Oxygen
Oxygen is the fourth and final factor that affects seed germination. While most seeds need oxygen to germinate, some seeds, like cucumbers and peanuts, will not germinate if they're exposed to too much oxygen. These types of seeds should be planted in a place with good air circulation to encourage growth in the embryo.
Now that you know more about seed germination, you're one step closer to becoming a successful gardener or hobbyist grower! Be sure to visit Midwest Grow Co. today to shop for all the gardening, farming, and growing supplies you need to start your crop!